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Chabad philosophy comprises the teachings of the leaders of Chabad-Lubavitch, a Hasidic movement. Chabad Hasidic philosophy focuses on religious concepts such as God, the soul, and the meaning of the Jewish commandments. Teachings are often drawn from classical Judaic teachings and Jewish mysticism. Classical Judaic writings and Jewish mysticism, especially the Zohar and the Kabbalah of Rabbi Isaac Luria, are frequently cited in Chabad works. These texts are used both as sources for Chabad teachings as well as material requiring interpretation by Chabad authors. While Chabad was founded by Rabbi Shneur Zalman of Liadi, much of Chabad philosophy bases itself on the teachings of Rabbis Yisroel ben Eliezer (the Baal Shem Tov, founder of Hasidism) and Dovber ben Avraham, the "Maggid of Mezritch" (Rabbi Yisroel's successor and Rabbi Shneur Zalman's teacher and mentor). The teachings of Rabbi Shneur Zalman of Liadi, the first Chabad Rebbe, form the basis of Chabad philosophy. Rabbi Shneur Zalman's teachings were greatly expanded upon by succeeding generations of Chabad Rebbes. One of the most central Chabad works is the ''Tanya'' by Rabbi Schneur Zalman, and many themes found in the Tanya receive greater treatment in subsequent works. == "Chabad" == According to Shneur Zalman's work ''Tanya'', the intellect consists of three interconnected processes: ''Chochma'' (wisdom), ''Bina'' (understanding), and ''Da'at'' (knowledge). While other branches of Hasidism focused primarily on the idea that "God desires the heart", Shneur Zalman argued that God also desires the mind, and that the mind is the "gateway" to the heart. With the Chabad philosophy, he elevated the mind above the heart, arguing that "understanding is the mother of fear and love for God".〔''Tanya', Shneur Zalman of Liadi, Chapter 13.〕 According to Jonathan Sacks, in Shneur Zalman's system, ''Chochma'' represents "the creation in its earliest potentiality; the idea of a finite world as was first born in the divine mind. ''Binah'' is the idea conceived in its details, the result of contemplation. ''Da'at'' is, as it were, the commitment to creation, the stage at which the idea becomes an active intention."〔''The Encyclopedia of Hasidism'', entry: Habad, Jonathan Sacks, pp. 161–164〕 While in Kabbala there are clearly delineated levels of holiness, in Hasidism and Chabad philosophy these are grounded in the mundanities of people's inner lives. So in reality — according to the Chabad analogy — ''Chochma'' is the birth of an idea in the mind, ''Binah'' is the contemplation, and ''Da'at'' is the beginning of the actualisation of an idea. Sacks argues that this provided a psychological formulation that enabled the hasid to substantiate his mystical thoughts. ''"This was an important advance because bridging the gap between spiritual insight and daily behaviour had always been a problem for Jewish mysticism."''〔 Chabad philosophy argues that man is neither static nor passive nor dependent on others to connect to God.〔 Shneur Zalman rejected all ideas of aristocratic birth and elitism — he argued for meritocracy where all were capable of growth, every Jew — in his view — was capable of becoming a ''Tzadik''.〔Hasidism: The movement and its masters, Harry M. Rabinowicz, 1988, pp. 83–92, Jason Aronson, London ISBN 0-87668-998-5〕 Chabad often contrasted itself with the ''Chagat'' school of Hasidism.〔"Chagat" is an acronym for "Chesed, Gevurah, Tiferet" (kindness, severity, beauty), the Kabbalistic terms for the three primary emotions.〕 While all Hasidism have a certain focus on the emotions, Chagat saw emotions as a reaction to physical stimuli, such as dancing singing or beauty. Shneur Zalman, on the other hand, taught that the emotions must be led by the mind, and thus the focus of Chabad thought was to be Torah study and prayer rather than esotericism and song.〔 As a Talmudist, Shneur Zalman endeavored to place Kabbalah and Hasidism on a rational basis. In ''Tanya'', he defines his approach as ''moach shalit al halev'' (Hebrew: "מוח שליט על הלב", "the brain ruling the heart").〔''Tanya'', ch. 12〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Chabad philosophy」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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